Handout 20110323 - City and Dwelling

City and Dwelling

A.       Cities and Dwellings of China and Japan in the Classical Period

1.      Background of Chinese Imperial City

a.  Wangcheng 王城 as the ideal model

b.   Zhouli 周禮 Kaogongji 考工記 :

匠人營國, 方九里, 旁三門, 國中九經九緯, 經塗九軌, 左祖右社, 面朝後市

c.   Features and components:  

Siting; wall enclosure, moat, gates; road of cardinal system; imperial way and axis; imperial city and palace city; alters; temples; drum and bell towers; markets, park and garden; residential fabric

2.      Changan 長安 during Tang Dynasty and Heijokyo平城京 (Nara) and Heiankyo 平安京(Kyoto) during Nara and Heian Period

a.   The Imperial Way 朱雀道 and the grid system

b.   Palace 宮 and Market 市

c.   Urban Block and Residential Fabric: Lifang 里坊 and Cho 町

B.     Cities and Dwellings of China and Japan in the Middle Age and after

1.   Cities in the South after Song Dynasty

a.   Kaifeng 開封and The Street Life of Qingming-Shanghe Tu 清明上河圖 :

      from Administrative to Commercial; from Courtyard Houses to Shop Houses.

      b.   Suzhou 蘇州and Water Town in Jiangnan 江南: a 13^th century’s city map

            (Pingjiang Tu 平江圖); Street, Waterway and Bridge; House and Garden

2. Beijing 北京during Ming and Qing

a.   The Imperial Way, Gates, Wall and Moat

b.   The Imperial City 紫禁城 and Palaces

c.   Alters 天地日月壇; Drum and Bell Towers 鐘鼓樓;The Imperial Garden: Beihai 北海

e.   Urban Block and Residential Fabric: Hutong 胡同 and Courtyard Houses四合院

        3.  Castle Towns and Cities during Medieval Japan and after

a.   Feudal Lords and Castles during Muromachi 室町and Momoyama 桃山

b.   Dwellings: Shinden Style 寢殿造, Shoin Style 書院造and Sukiya Style數寄屋風

c.   Market, Street and Shop Houses: Machi 町家 (城下町，寺內町，宿場町)

d.   Merchant Class and Dwellings after the Edo 江戶Period: Yoshimura Houses

C.     Dwellings in China: Courtyard Houses and Shop Houses

1.   Courtyard House

             a.   Dwellings as Social Templates hierarchy and order; growth and expansion

b.   Folk Beliefs, Symbols and Ornamentation

c.  Prototype and Regional Variations: Beijing 北京, Jiangnan 江南, Fujian 福建and Guangdong

2.   Street and Shop Houses

a.       Business and Residence

b.      Veranda and Atrium

c.       Prototype and Variations

 

Reading List

    

     Boyd, Andrew*                                   Chinese Architecture and Town Planning. London: Alec Tiranti, 1962. 

                                                     (Chap 3, Chap 4, and Chap 7, pp. 138 – 144)

Pirazzoli-T’Serstevens, M        Living Architecture: Chinese. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1971. (Chap 2, 3)

Stierlin, Heri ed.                                    Architecture of the world: Japan.

Masuda, Tomoya                      Germany: Benedikt Taschen, 1981. (Chap 2: pp.93-97, Chap 4)

Knapp, Ronald G                     China’s Living Houses, Folk Belifs, Symbol and Household Ornamentation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,  1999.

Knapp Ronald G                      China’s Vernacular Architecture. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.        

     Lo Kai-Yin                              Living Heritage: Vernacular Environment in China. Hong Kong: Yungmingtang, 1999.

     Rapport Amos                         House, Form and Culture. NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1969.        

     劉敦楨                        《中國古代建築史》            ‧    北京：中國建築工業出版社  1984

                           (第七章，第五節，第八節)

劉敦禎                  《中國住宅概說》   ‧    北京：中國建築工業出版社  1957

陳從周、潘洪萱、路秉傑   《中國民居》              ‧    香港：三聯出版社                    1993