Handout 20110216 - Temple I: China, Japan and Korea

Temple I: China, Japan and Korea

A.       Buddhist Temple

1.   Basic Elements and Layout of Chinese Buddhist Monastery after the Tang 

             - Main Gate 山門 (Shanmen) : Heavenly King 天王

             - Main Hall金堂, 大雄寶殿, (Daxiong baodian) : Buddha

             - Lecture Hall 講堂

             - Library Hall 藏經閣 (Cangjingge) : sutra 佛經

             - Pagoda 塔 : Buddha’s relics 舍利子

             - Side Hall 側殿 : Bodhisattva菩薩

             - Bell Tower 鐘樓 and Drum Tower 鼓樓 

             - Garden and Living Quarter

2.   Physical Setting

             - Site and landscape

             - Sacred mountains 名山: Wutaishan 五台山, Emeishan 峨嵋山, Putuoshan 普陀山,   

               Jiuhuashan 九華山

             - Path and nodes along the axis

Lecture 4 - Temple I: China, Japan and Korea

Handout 20110310 - Temple II: India and Southeast Asia

Temple II: India and Southeast Asia

A.        Early Buddhist Architecture in India

1.       Great Sanchi Stupa and Monastery, 100 AD, Madhya Pradesh, India

The solid brick hemisphere of 40 m diameter monument, surrounded by stone railing, four great gates, and circumambulatory path, was originally built by Mauryan emperor Asoka to worship the remain of Buddha, also symbolizing the sacred mountain of Meru.

Ashokan Pillar, Sarnath, c. 270 BC

Surrounded by railing and circumambulatory path, the typical Mauyan pillar has a shaft rising from the ground with a tassel like cap below an abacus embellished with lotus and carrying an animal device symbolizing royalty, and chariot wheel.

       Ruwanveliseya Dageba, 137 BC, Sri Lanka

Brick Buddhist stupa of 90 meters in diameter, covered with cement, sheets of copper and silver.

The relic chamber has a Bo tree made of jewels, gold, silver and coral. 

 

2.       Ajanta Rock Shrine, 200 BC to 600 AD, Western India

Buddhist cave temple with total 29 Shrines carved into the rock, including 24 Vihara and 5 Chaitya Halls, each representing the spatial practice and signification of Hinayana and Mahayana thought.  

Karle Rock Shrine, 70 AD, Western India

Chaitya Hall in Buddhist cave temple with an enlarged space and the stupa dominating the shrine, representing the architecture of Mahayana practice and their pilgrim experience.

Lecture 5 - Temple II: India and Southeast Asia

Handout 20110323 - City and Dwelling

City and Dwelling

A.       Cities and Dwellings of China and Japan in the Classical Period

1.      Background of Chinese Imperial City

a.  Wangcheng 王城 as the ideal model

b.   Zhouli 周禮 Kaogongji 考工記 :

匠人營國, 方九里, 旁三門, 國中九經九緯, 經塗九軌, 左祖右社, 面朝後市

c.   Features and components:  

Siting; wall enclosure, moat, gates; road of cardinal system; imperial way and axis; imperial city and palace city; alters; temples; drum and bell towers; markets, park and garden; residential fabric

Lecture 6 - City and Dwelling

Handout 20110406 - Imperial Architecture I: Palace

Imperial Architecture

A.     Imperial Palaces

1.      Imperial Palace of Changan 長安, as well as Heijokyo平城京 (Nara) and Heiankyo 平安京

(Kyoto) in the Classical Period

a.       Imperial Palace Compound of Changan: Taiji Gong 太極宮and Daming Gong大明宮

b.      Imperial Palace Compound of Heijokyo 平城京

c.       Imperial Palace Compound of Heianko 平安京

2.      Imperial Palace of Beijing during Ming and Qing (1403 AD- 1424 AD)

a.       Imperial City 紫禁城: moat, wall, gates and waterways 金水橋

b.      Imperial Way御道: Daming Gate 大明門 / Tianan Gate天安門 / Duan Gate 端門 / Wu Gate午門

c.       Front Three Palaces 前三宮: Taihe Gate 太和門, Taihe Dian 太和殿  (1697 AD)/ Zhonghe Dian 中和殿 / Baohe Dian 保和殿 (1615 AD)

d.      Rear Three Palaces 後三宮: Qianqing Gong 乾清宮 / Jiaotai Dian 交泰殿 / Kunning Gong 坤寧宮, and E-W six Palaces 東西六宮

e.       Imperial Library: Wenyuan Ge 文淵閣 (1776 AD); Study Halls, Temples and Institutions: Wuying Dian武英殿

f.       Imperial Ancestral Temple and Sacrificial Hall: Tai Miao 太廟 (1545 AD) and Xiang Dian享殿, Sheji Tan 社稷壇 (1421 AD)

g.       Other Palaces and Courtyards; Gardens and Theatres

Yangxin Dian養心殿, Cining Gong慈寧宮, Ningshou Gong寧壽宮